Adam- s



ADAM s. B RQWN, or" LEBANON, PENNSYLVANIA.

Letters Patent No. 76,985, dated April 21, 1868.

IMPROVEMENT 1N TUBE-WELLS.:

tite rliehnh referat vto uilgeseethrs @that zich mittag-'prit the rante.

'ro vALL wHoM I'r MAY o'oNcnnN: v l

Be itl knownthat I, ADAM S. BROWN, of Lebanon, in the countyqof Lebanon, and Statefof. APennsylvania,

. have invented a' new and useful Improvement in Tuhe-Vl'ells; and l do hereby; declare that'the following is a full, clear, and exact description. thereof, reference being had to the accompanying ldrawings, making-a part' of this specification, in whichl Figure lfis an-external View of `my improved tube-well.

Figure2 is adiametrical section throughthe same. y v v Figure 3 is an'enlargedsectional viewof a porticfn 'of the tube, showing one ofthe ann'ularralnges-0raring watchin-lets to the tube, and also its guard or shield. l

` l -Figure 4 is a to-p'view` oi fig. 3. f

Similar letters of` reference indicate vcorrespondingy parts `ineth'e several figures.

This invention relates to certain novel improvements on the construction of devices wphich,are'vdesigned for' obtaining water from beneath the surface of the earth, and 'which are known 9,5 tube-wells. Such v wells 'are'l made by driving pipes into the earth far enough to reach water, andtheyusually consist of perforated.. pipes-n` enclosed by casings, andprovided with aco-nical spike fof ,penetr'atingthe earth-- `One of-the greatest cliicnlties experienced with this kind of wells is that theirv'water-apertures frequently I* become choked with sand and earth,`and the supply of waterfthereby Ichec`ked,`orl entirely` cut oli'. yThis isf owing to theclose proximity of the inner tube to the wall of `earth surrounding it, which l'eavesbut a ,Iiarlvjow space ior the circulation of water beforeit is drawn into said tube'on-its way to the pensto'ck orpnmp-tube above.

The nature of my invcntiouconsists' in. enclosing' the inner perforated tube by meansof twisted wire cables,

arranged so nsto form a circular. external Wall onscreen around thesaid tube, and to have an annular-space between this wall and tube; and in making the orificesforthe entrance offwater into the inner tube; through thcgupperand lower inclined sides, of annular Haring enlargements, which are encircled by bands which serve 'as shields for breaking the currents of water on their way to said orifices, as will be hereinafter eirplained.

To enable others skilled in the artto understand'my iuvention,-`I will describe its construction' and operation'. In' `the accompanying drawings, A represents a tube, which is constructed with annular enlargements, arranged at suit-ablel distances'apart, which enlargements consist respectively of an npwardlylilaring ilange,'a, and a downwardly-flaring ilango, b, united at their outer edges, as shown clearly in igs. 2 and 3. Suitable aperturesare made through theseanges a `b, directly opposite one another, so that currents of water will cuter from above and below said flange-enlargements in opposite directions, and vthereby'operate to keep said apertures clear of sand and earth. The descending currents, rushing through the apertures which are made through the Bange will meet the ascending currents passing through the ange a, and thus wash away any-sand which might accumulate either above or below the enlzrgement.- Thus it will be -seen that the tube A will not only not become clogged, but that it willpoperate to clear itself of sand which might accumulate 4about its inductionapertures. A I Y l i LThe lower ond ofthe tube A has secured to .it, inhny suitable manner, n. conical point, B, which 'is designed to facilitate the passage of the tube into the earth in thc operation of driving it therein. This cone B is of sucicnt diametesat its base toreceive around it aQwire screen, C, and to leave a space or spaces, e, between this screen andthe tube, as shown inA the drawings, The upper end of the tube is secured in a substantial manner tocollar D by means of outwardly-iiaring arms, d, which leave spaces between them for the freeupward passage of water during the operation of the pump. Y v

The upper part of the collar D is reduced in diameter, and upon this reduced portionA a screw-thread is cut for receiving acoupling, E, by means 'of which thepump-tube or penstock Fis attached to the tube A. It will be seen that the coupling E and pipe F are not of greater diameter than the collar D, to which thepipe A is secured; hence these parts will not cicrnn obstruction in driving the tube-well into `the earth, nor will they oier an obstruction to the ascent of i waterafterpassing between the arms d at the upper extremity of the pipe A..

'rapes 2 The outer wall or casing, C, which surrounds the inner'tube A,is composed of :wire cables g g, twisted as 'shown in the drawings, and arranged suieiently close together to'y form a. strong screen or reticnlatd wall, with spiral passages through it for the admission of water intol thefspiieelcfI The' lower ends of the cables g are secured in a suitable manner. aroundnth'e cone-point B, and the, upper ends of these cables 4are secured to the lower or largest portion of: the collar D, as shown in ig. 2. Attheiouter-edge `of. eeell anged enlargement of the pipe A, the cables are secured by brnzing, or otherwise, so that n wall is produced which will-allow znf'reev passage of water through it, and at the same time 4possess sufficient strength to resist tho pressureoi' earthfand sund' against itwhen embedded in the eurth.

At each one of. the enlargements of 4pipe A, a wide ring, h, is secured around'the outside of' the cable-woll for casing C, the upper c dge of which ring is in, or 'nearly in, a plane intersecting ythefgreutest diameter of the enlnrgement towhich it is secured, and the lower edge of which is seme distnn'cbelow said enlargement, as

These rings are designed to serve-two' purposes. They -ernbrnce and strengthen the wire casing Cnt inter vmediatepoints between its ends, and also serve asshiells for protecting the holes willich are made through the -bottom flanges a of the Several enlargements of the tube A freni clogging with snnd.` y t When the pump is started, water,niixed with more ,or less 4sancl,' will pass through the casing C into the chamber c, and from this chnmberthe water-will be drawn Vupward,and downwardgthrough the'. apertures, which are made through the several enlargements of the pipe A, into this pipeA, Water will also bedravwh'tup i between the arnus connecting the pipe A with its collar D.' The sand which is precipitated upon the, perforatedv an'ges bV b of the several enlargements ol' pip'eAwill be carried down thro'ughthe perforfitions of these flanges into this'pipe or tube A, so that there con be no accumulation of'` send :Vtt-thesev points."4

.Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, anddesirc to'secure by Letters Patent, is- 1. The outer wall or casing() of n-tube-well, constructedof twisted wirecablesfg, arranged, secured. and braced substantially as described.V l 'f 2;. One or more annular perforated und flaring enlargements uponthe inner` tube A, substantially as described; 42].. .The rings or shields 717111 combination with a tube, A, iil'ch is constructed with annular perforated enlargements, and with an outer perfornted'or open-work casing, C, substantially as described. y y

Witnessj'my hand in the matter of' my application feria, patent on' atubeuvell, this 24th day'o't January, 1868.

i ADAMS. BROWN.

Witnessess E. B. Willson, R. T. CAMPBELL. 

